Oxidation Catalyst & Liquid Fase oxidation mai kara kuzari
Oxidation Catalyst & Liquid Fase oxidation mai kara kuzari
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ethylene da propylene da aka samu daga petroleum hydrocarbon cracking a matsayin kayan aikin polymerization, ana buƙatar zaɓaɓɓen hydrogenation don cire ƙazantattun abubuwa kamar alkyne, diene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide da oxygen, ba tare da asarar olefin ba.Mai kara kuzari da ake amfani da shi gabaɗaya shine palladium, platinum ko nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, da sauransu, akan alumina.Zaɓaɓɓen hydrogenation mai kara kuzaris tare da kaddarorin daban-daban za a iya samun su ta hanyar sarrafa adadin kayan aiki, hanyar masana'anta na tallafi da mai kara kuzari.Sauran kamar fasa man fetur tace, nitrobenzene hydrogenation rage zuwa aniline, hydrogenation kara kuzari.
Mai kara kuzari don zurfin hydrogenation zuwa cikakkun mahadi.Irin su benzene hydrogenation zuwa cyclohexane tare da nickel alumina mai kara kuzari, phenol hydrogenation zuwa cyclohexanol, yana da dinitrile hydrogenation zuwa hexdiamine tare da nickel mai kara kuzari.
Amfani da silicon carbide ko α-alumina azaman tallafi (tare da ƙaramin adadin barium oxide azaman cocatalyst).Bayan ci gaba da haɓaka mai haɓakawa da yanayin tsari, yawan amfanin ethylene nauyi ya wuce 100%.
Mai kara kuzari wanda aka fesa akan siliki carbide ko corundum don iskar oxygenation na o-xylene zuwa phthalic anhydride.Mai kara kuzari wanda aka shirya ta hanyar fesa kayan aikin vanadium-molybdenum jerin oxides akan corundum don iskar oxygen da benzene ko butane zuwa maleic anhydride.Inganta irin wannan nau'in haɓakawa shine haɓakar abubuwa masu yawa, abubuwan haɓaka abubuwa takwas sun bayyana.Hakanan ana canza siffar mai ɗaukar kaya daga mai siffar zobe zuwa madauwari, da'ira mai ɗaiɗai don sauƙaƙe canja wurin zafi.Tsarin gabaɗaya shine bin babban nauyi, yawan amfanin ƙasa da tsabtar samfuran.
Irin su methanol oxidation zuwa formaldehyde tare da azurfa - pumice (ko alumina), baƙin ƙarfe oxide - molybdenum oxide da electrolytic azurfa mai kara kuzari.
A cikin 1960s, an ƙirƙiri wani abin ƙara kuzari wanda ke ɗauke da bismuth-mo-phosphorus compound oxide catalyst.Ana iya haɗa Acrylonitrile a mataki ɗaya ta hanyar ƙara propylene, ammonia da iska a kan mai kara kuzari.Domin inganta zaɓe da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma rage gurɓacewar muhalli, ƙasashe daban-daban na ci gaba da inganta abubuwan da ke kara kuzari, kuma wasu sabbin abubuwa masu kara kuzari sun ƙunshi nau'ikan abubuwa har 15.Oxygen chlorination mai kara kuzari, 60's ɓullo da jan karfe chloride alumina kara kuzari, a cikin fluidized gado reactor ta ethylene, hydrogen chloride da iska ko oxygen iya samun dichloroethane.Dichloroethane an pyrolyzed don samar da vinyl chloride monomer.Wannan hanya tana da amfani ga ci gaban PVC a wuraren da wutar lantarki ke da tsada da kuma samar da petrochemicals, hanyar masana'antu na tallafi da haɓaka.Sauran kamar fasa man fetur tace, nitrobenzene hydrogenation rage zuwa aniline, hydrogenation kara kuzari.
Liquid lokaci oxidation mai kara kuzari
Akwai galibi:
(1) Ethylene, propylene oxidation acetaldehyde, acetone (Hanyar Wacker), tare da ƙaramin adadin palladium.chloride jan karfe chloride bayani mai kara kuzari, ta hanyar olefin, iska ko oxygen, bayan matakai daya ko biyu na dauki don samun abin da ake bukata.mahadi masu dauke da oxygen.Rashin lahani shine mummunan lalata na kayan aiki.
(2) Arimatic gefen sarkar hadawan abu da iskar shakaga aryl acid mai kara kuzari, irin su p-xylene a cikin maganin acetic acid tare da cobalt acetate da ƙaramin adadin ammonium bromide.dumama, iska hadawan abu da iskar shaka samar terephthalic acid, amma tsanani lalata na dauki kayan aiki.
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