Mai kara kuzari
Mai kara kuzari
Dehydrogenation mai kara kuzari
- Fasahar Haɓakawa Mai Girma Zazzabi
Irin su baƙin ƙarfe oxide - chromium oxide - potassium oxide na iya yin ethylbenzene (ko n-butene) dehydrogenation zuwa styrene (ko butadiene) a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki da kuma yawan adadin ruwa.
- ƙananan zafin jiki dehydrogenation fasahar catalytic
Saboda dehydrogenation gabaɗaya yana buƙatar aiwatar da shi a babban zafin jiki, ragewa ko a gaban adadi mai yawa na diluent, amfani da makamashi yana da yawa.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an haɓaka dehydrogenation oxidative a ƙananan yanayin zafi.Irin su polyethylene tare da bismuth - molybdenum karfe oxide mai kara kuzari ta oxidative dehydrogenation na butadiene.
Hydrogenation mai kara kuzariba wai kawai ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin samarwa ba, har ma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin aikin tace kayan aiki da samfurori.Dangane da yanayi daban-daban na hydrogenation, ana iya raba shi zuwa kashi uku:
① Zaɓuɓɓukan hydrogenation masu haɓakawa, irin su ethylene da propylene da aka samu daga fashewar hydrocarbon mai azaman polymerization albarkatun ƙasa, dole ne a fara zaɓar ta hanyar hydrogenation, don cire ƙazantattun abubuwa kamar alkyne, diene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, kuma babu asarar ene .Mai kara kuzari da ake amfani da shi gabaɗaya shine palladium, platinum ko nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, da sauransu, akan alumina.
② Ba zaɓaɓɓen hydrogenation mai kara kuzari, wato, abin da ake amfani da shi don zurfafa hydrogenation zuwa cikakken mahadi.Irin su benzene hydrogenation zuwa cyclohexane tare da nickel-alumina mai kara kuzari, phenol hydrogenation zuwa cyclohexanol, yana da dinitrile hydrogenation zuwa hexdiamine tare da nickel mai kara kuzari.
③ Hydrogenation mai kara kuzari, irin su jan karfe chromate mai kara kuzari don hydrogenation mai don samar da mafi girma alcohols
Ita ce farkon rikitaccen abu da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da masana'antu.Aldehydes tare da karin carbon atom guda ɗaya ana samar da su ta hanyar amsawar alkenes tare da syngas (CO + H2) a gaban mai kara kuzari.Irin su ethylene, propylene a matsayin albarkatun kasa ta hanyar hydroformylation (wato, da aka sani da carbonyl synthesis) propyl aldehyde, butyl aldehyde.Hydroformylation da aka gudanar a cikin ruwa lokaci a high zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba ta yin amfani da carbonyl cobalt hadaddun a matsayin mai kara kuzari.
Polyethylene an raba shi zuwa ƙananan yawa da yawa.A baya, tsohon ya yi amfani da hanyar matsa lamba (100 ~ 300MPa) samarwa, oxygen, peroxide Organic a matsayin mai kara kuzari.Ana samar da na ƙarshe ta hanyar matsakaicin matsa lamba ko ƙananan matsa lamba.A matsakaicin hanyar matsa lamba, chromium-molybdenum oxide ana ɗaukarsa akan manne silicon aluminum azaman mai kara kuzari.A cikin ƙananan matsi hanya, Ziegler irin mai kara kuzari (wakilta titanium tetrachloride da triethyl aluminum tsarin) ana amfani da polymerization a low zazzabi da kuma low matsa lamba.Har ila yau, samar da polypropylene ya ɓullo da tsarin titanium-aluminum mai goyan baya na ingantaccen mai kara kuzari, kowace gram na titanium na iya samar da fiye da 1000kg na polypropylene.
Ita ce farkon rikitaccen abu da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da masana'antu.Aldehydes tare da karin carbon atom guda ɗaya ana samar da su ta hanyar amsawar alkenes tare da syngas (CO + H2) a gaban mai kara kuzari.Irin su ethylene, propylene a matsayin albarkatun kasa ta hanyar hydroformylation (wato, da aka sani da carbonyl synthesis) propyl aldehyde, butyl aldehyde.Hydroformylation da aka gudanar a cikin ruwa lokaci a high zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba ta yin amfani da carbonyl cobalt hadaddun a matsayin mai kara kuzari.
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